The Batter Can't Keep His Eye on the Ball

Terry Bahill
Systems and Industrial Engineering
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ 85721-0020
terry@sie.arizona.edu
http://www.sie.arizona.edu/sysengr/slides/eyeOnBall.ppt
© 1998-2005 Bahill

Every human motor control system has a time delay of about 200 milliseconds (msec). To see the effects of this time delay hold a crisp one-dollar bill between someone's out-stretched finger and thumb. Tell them they can have the dollar, if they can catch it: then drop it. The 200 msec time delay will prevent them from grasping the bill. The human eye tracking system has a similar time delay. But humans can overcome this time delay and track predictable targets with no latency, provided the target position waveform is smooth, is predictable, has a frequency between 0.1 and 1.0 Hz, and has small accelerations. We show the time course for learning this zero-latency tracking.

To broaden our research results, we studied humans performing real world tasks; we studied baseball players. We found that they cannot follow the ball all the way to the plate. They cannot track it closer than five feet from the plate. Their amazing success in hitting the ball is due to their great powers of prediction.

References [29, 31, 33, 35, and 45]. I can adapt this lecture to make it suitable for engineers, physiologists, neurologists or even the general public. It requires PowerPoint and a computer projector. This talk takes one hour.